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''Average is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation'' is a 2013 book (release date: September 12, 2013) by economist Tyler Cowen laying out his vision for the future trajectory of the global economy. It is a sequel to Cowen's 2011 book ''The Great Stagnation'' that argued that America had exhausted many of the low-hanging fruit (such as cheap land and easily achievable improvements in education) that had powered its growth in the 19th century and early 20th century. ==Themes== Cowen forecasts that modern economies are delaminating into two groups: a small minority of highly educated and capable of working collaboratively with automated systems will become a wealthy aristocracy; the vast majority will earn little or nothing, surviving on low-priced goods created by the first group, living in shantytowns working with highly automated production systems.〔 About 60% of the jobs lost during the 2008 recession were in mid-wage occupations. US Median male wages declined by about 28% between 1969 and 2009, with no obvious disaster to blame.〔 Cowen claims that this future is foreshadowed by the recent evolution of chess from a game played by brilliant iconoclasts into freestyle chess, a team sport that relies on the creative use of advanced chess-playing software.〔 Cowen celebrates the arrival of functional online education, mostly because it allows a much broader audience to keep up with rapid change at a price that everyone can afford and leverages the same sort of self-teaching that drives video game players to ever-greater achievements.〔 He sees the future role of educators as motivators rather than professors, closer to a gym membership, with (online) personal trainers. He cites Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as a place full of young threshold earners, members of the second group.〔 In his final chapter, "A New Social Contract?," Cowen writes, "We will move from a society based on the pretense that everyone is given an okay standard of living to a society in which people are expected to fend for themselves much more than they do now."〔 He briefly discusses some ethical issues around intelligent technology. Robocars will be more efficient, observe speed limits and be much safer. However, how they will address an ethical dilemma (e.g., save the baby or the two adults) is unknown.〔 Cowen predicts that detailed measurements will transform services such as medical care. Patients will employ performance metrics on their doctors, while the doctors will know more about how well patients follow diet and medicine programs.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Average is Over」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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